Migrasi dan Identitas: Kebijakan Integrasi Pekerja Migran di Swedia dan Belgia di Tengah Sentimen Anti-Imigrasi

Abstract

This study analyzes the effectiveness of migrant worker integration policies in Sweden and Belgium in the context of rising right-wing populism and xenophobic sentiment. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and literature study method, this research evaluates how both countries formulate integration policies and how these policies affect migrants’ adaptation and social identity. The findings reveal that although Sweden implements formally inclusive policies, structural discrimination and the lack of migrant representation continue to hinder integration. Meanwhile, Belgium’s selective approach has led to identity fragmentation between integrated and marginalized migrant groups. Right-wing populist narratives further constrain policy space by framing migrants as threats to national identity. Integration, as articulated by Alba and Nee (2003), involves not only structural access but also social acceptance. These findings underscore the importance of institutional reform, sustained social support, and inclusive public discourse to achieve sustainable migrant integration.
Keywords: Migrant integration ; xenophobia ; Sweden ; Belgium ; social identity