Human Development, Climate Change, and Food Security in Developing Countries: Evidence From a Two-Way Fixed Effects Model ed Effects Model

Abstract

Food security remains a critical issue in an era of increasingly evident climate change. In developing countries, food insecurity continues to pose a significant challenge that demands effective policy interventions. This study examines the effects of climate change and human development on food security in developing countries. The analysis employs a two-way fixed-effects model to control for unobserved heterogeneity, using panel data from 93 developing countries over the period 2005–2020. The estimation results reveal that human development is the primary determinant of food security. Higher levels of human development are associated with a lower prevalence of undernourishment. In contrast, climate change, measured by changes in temperature, does not have a statistically significant effect on food security after controlling for country and year fixed effects. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening human development through improvements in education, healthcare, and individual income to enhance food security in developing countries